عَفَا (May) Allah forgive ʿafā (May) Allah forgive l-lahu you ʿanka Why (did) lima you grant leave adhinta to them lahum until ḥattā (became) evident yatabayyana to you laka those who alladhīna were truthful ṣadaqū and you knew wataʿlama the liars l-kādhibīna
Allāh has pardoned you, [O Muḥammad, but] why did you give them permission [to remain behind]? [You should not have] until it was evident to you who were truthful and you knew [who were] the liars.
لَا (Would) not ask your permission lā (Would) not ask your permission yastadhinuka those who alladhīna believe yu'minūna in Allah bil-lahi and the Day wal-yawmi the Last l-ākhiri that an they strive yujāhidū with their wealth bi-amwālihim and their lives wa-anfusihim And Allah wal-lahu (is) All-Knower ʿalīmun of the righteous bil-mutaqīna
Those who believe in Allāh and the Last Day would not ask permission of you to be excused from striving [i.e., fighting] with their wealth and their lives. And Allāh is Knowing of those who fear Him.
إِنَّمَا Only innamā ask your leave yastadhinuka those who alladhīna (do) not lā believe yu'minūna in Allah bil-lahi and the Day wal-yawmi the Last l-ākhiri and (are in) doubts wa-ir'tābat their hearts qulūbuhum so they fahum in fī their doubts raybihim they waver yataraddadūna
Only those would ask permission of you who do not believe in Allāh and the Last Day and whose hearts have doubted, and they, in their doubt, are hesitating.