Mishkat al-Masabih
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone believes in God and His Messenger, observes the prayer and fasts during Ramadan, God will assuredly bring him into paradise whether he has engaged in jihad in God’s path or remained in his land in which he was born.” On being asked whether people should not be given this good news he replied, “In paradise there are a hundred degrees which God has prepared for those who engage in jihad in God’s path, between each pair of which there is a distance like that between heaven and earth; so when you make requests of God ask him for Firdaus, for it is the best and highest part of paradise, above it is the throne of the Compassionate One, and from it the rivers of paradise issue.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3787
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 1
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “He who engages in jihad in God’s path is like him who fasts and spends the night in prayer, who assiduously recites God’s verses and does not slacken from fasting and prayer until he who is engaged in jihad in God’s path returns.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3788
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 2
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “God answers the prayer for forgiveness of him who goes out in His path, being led to do so by nothing but faith in Him and belief in His Messengers, promising to bring him back with the reward or booty he obtains, or bring him into paradise.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3789
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 3
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “By Him in whose hand my soul is, were it not that men among the believers are not satisfied with remaining behind me when I cannot get mounts for them, I would not stay behind when an expedition goes out in God’s path. By Him in whose hand my soul is, I wish I could be killed in God’s path and brought to life, then be killed and brought to life, then be killed and brought to life, then be killed.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3790
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 4
Sahl b. Sa'd reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Being stationed on the frontier in God’s path for a day is better than the world and what is on it.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3791
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 5
Anas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A morning or an evening expedition in God’s path is better than the world and what it contains.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3792
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 6
Salman al-Fairisi told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “Being stationed for a day and a night on the frontier in God’s path is better than fasting a month and spending its nights in prayer. If one dies he will be rewarded for the deeds he was doing, he will be given his provision, and will be safe from him who tests him.”* * Al-fattan. There is some doubt as to the reference here. It may be the devil, this name being used because he tempts people to sin; or it may mean the one who examines men in the grave. Munkar and Nakir are called fattana'l-qabr, the two who test men in the grave. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3793
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 7
Abu ‘Abs reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No man whose feet become dusty in God’s path will be touched by hell.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3794
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 8
Abu Huraira reported God's Messenger as saying, “An infidel and the one who killed him will never be brought together in hell.”* * The meaning is probably that one who kills an infidel in the course of jihad will on that account have his sins forgiven, and will therefore not go to hell where the infidel inevitably goes. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3795
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 9
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “One of the best types of subsistence is that of a man who grasps his horse’s rein in (God’s path and races on its back, making for the places where being killed and dying are liable to take place as often as he hears a terrible shout or a cry for help; or of a man with a few sheep on one of these highlands or down in one of these wadis who observes prayer, pays the zakat and worships his Lord till death* comes. Such a one is in a good condition among men.” * Al-yaqin, the certainty. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3796
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 10
Zaid b. Khalid reported God’s Messenger as saying, “He who equips a fighter in God’s path has taken part in the fighting, and he who looks after a fighter's family when he is away has taken part in the fighting." (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3797
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 11
Buraida reported God's Messenger as saying, “The respect to be shown by those who stay at home to the women of those who are engaged in jihad is to be like that shown to their mothers. If any man among those who stay at home is entrusted with the oversight of his family by one who is engaged in jihad and betrays him, he will be set up for him* on the day of resurrection and he may take what he wants from his good deeds. So what do you think?” *i.e. the betrayer for the man he has betrayed. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3798
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 12
Abu Mas'ud al-Ansari told that a man brought a she-camel with a rope through its nose-ring and said, “This is to be devoted to God’s path." God’s Messenger replied to him, “On the day of resurrection you will get for it seven hundred she-camels each with a rope through its nose-ring.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3799
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 13
Abu Sa'id told that God’s Messenger sent an expedition to the B. Lihyan who were a section or Hudhail, saying that one out of every two men should be sent but that both should share the reward. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3800
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 14
Jabir b. Samura reported God’s Messenger as saying, “This religion will not cease to endure with a company of the Muslims fighting on its behalf till the last hour comes.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3801
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 15
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No one is wounded in God's path, and God knows best those who are wounded in His path, without coming on the day of resurrection with his wound spouting blood, the colour being that of blood but the fragrance that of musk.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3802
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 16
Anas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No one who enters paradise will want to return to the world and have anything in the earth except the martyr. He will wish to return to the world and be killed ten times because of the honour he sees.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3803
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 17
Masruq said: We asked 'Abdallah b. Mas'ud about this verse, “Do not consider those who have been killed in God’s path to be dead; nay, they are alive in the presence of their Lord and are being supplied with provision" (Al-Qur’an; 3:169). He replied that he had asked about that, and the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Their spirits are in the crops of green birds which have lamps suspended from the Throne, which go where they wish in paradise and then return to those lamps. Their Lord looks down on them and asks whether they desire anything, and they ask in reply what they could wish when they can go where they like in paradise. He does that with them three times, and when they see that they will not be left alone without asking something, they tell their Lord that they wish Him to return their spirits to their bodies so that they may be killed in His path once again. Then when He sees that they lack nothing they are left without further questioning." Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3804
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 18
Abu Qatada told that God's Messenger got up among them and mentioned to them that jihad in God’s path and faith in God are the most excellent works. A man rose and asked, "Tell me, Messenger of God, if I am killed in God’s path will my sins be covered up?" He replied, "Yes, if you are killed in God's path while showing endurance, seeking your reward from God, advancing and not retreating." Then God’s Messenger said, "What did you say?”* He replied, "Tell me, if I am killed in God’s path will my sins be covered up?" God's Messenger said, "Yes, while you are showing endurance, seeking your reward from God, advancing and not retreating; but this does not include a debt, for Gabriel told me that." *Mirqat iv, 176 quotes Tibi to explain the request to repeat his question when a reply had already been given. The purpose is said to be to make the exception at the end of the second reply. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3805
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 19
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr b. al-'As reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying. "Being killed in God’s path will cover up everything but debt." Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3806
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 20
Abu Huraira reported God's Messenger as saying, "God most high will cheerfully welcome two men one of whom kills the other. They will enter paradise, one having fought in God’s path and been killed, and the slayer, after receiving God's pardon, having died as a martyr."* * The man who had fought and killed a Muslim later became a Muslim himself and was killed in the course of jihad. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3807
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 21
Sahl b. Hunaif reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone asks God for martyrdom with a genuine purpose God will bring him to the dwellings of the martyrs, even if he dies on his bed.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3808
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 22
Anas told that ar-Rubaiyi‘ daughter of al-Bara’, who was the mother of Haritha b. Suraqa, came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “Prophet of God, will you not tell me about Haritha? (He had been killed at the battle of Badr, being struck by a random arrow.) If he is in paradise I shall show endurance, but if he has met another fate I shall exert myself in weeping for him.” He replied, “Mother of Haritha, in paradise there are gardens, and your son has attained to al-Firdaus, the highest.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3809
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 23
He told that God’s Messenger and his companions went off and reached Badr before the polytheists, and when the polytheists arrived he said, “Rise to go to a garden whose breadth is as great as the heavens and the earth.” ‘Umair b. al-Humam thereupon said, “Bravo, bravo!” and when God’s Messenger asked him what had made him say that, he replied, “Nothing, I swear by God, Messenger of God, but a hope that I might be among its inhabitants.” He told him that he would be among them. He then took some dates out of his quiver and began to eat them, but after a little said, “If I live till I eat my dates it will mean a long life.” So he threw away the dates he had and then fought with the enemy till he was killed. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3810
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 24
'Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Whom do you reckon to be the martyr among you?” His hearers replied, “The one who is killed in God’s path is the martyr, Messenger of God.” He said, “The martyrs among my people would then be few. He who is killed in God’s path is a martyr, he who dies in God’s path is a martyr, he who dies of plague is a martyr, and he who dies of a disease in the belly is a martyr.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3811
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 25
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No war-like party or body of troops will go out to fight, gain booty and return safe without getting beforehand two-thirds of their rewards,* and no war-like party or body of troops will be disappointed of their hopes and be smitten without getting their rewards in full.” * The suggestion is made that the two-thirds are a safe return and booty which they get in this world, the remaining third being reward in the next. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3812
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 26
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “He who dies without having fought, or having felt it to be his duty will die guilty of a kind of hypocrisy.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3813
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 27
Abu Musa told that a man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “One man fights for booty, one for the reputation of fighting, and one for his degree [of bravery] to be seen; which of them is in God’s path?” He replied, “The one who fights that God’s word may have preeminence is in God’s path.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3814
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 28
Anas told that when God’s Messenger returned from the expedition to Tabuk and approached Medina he said, “In Medina there are people who did not fail to be with you wherever you went and whatever wadi you crossed.” A version has, “Who have not failed to share your reward.” On their expressing surprise that that should be true when they were still in Medina, he said, “While they are still in Medina, being kept back by a valid excuse.” Bukhari transmitted it, and Muslim transmitted it on Jabir’s authority.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3815, 3816
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 29
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr told that a man came to God’s Messenger and asked his permission to take part in jihad. He asked him if his parents were still alive, and when he replied that they were, he told him to exert himself* on their behalf. *The point is not so clear in English as in Arabic. Jihad, while being the word for fighting against infidels, also means to strive or to exert oneself in general. The man wished to take part in jihad, and when the Prophet (ﷺ) heard that his parents were still alive he said fa-fihima fa-jahid (exert yourself on their behalf.) (Bukhari and Muslim.) A version has, “Return to your parents and look after them well.”
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3817
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 30
Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying on the day of the Conquest of Mecca, “There is no emigration after the Conquest, but only jihad and some good intention; so when you are summoned to fight, go forth.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3818
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 31
‘Imran b Husain reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A section, of my people will continue to fight for the right and overcome their opponents till the last of them fight with the antichrist." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3819
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 32
Abu Umama reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “He who does not join a war-like expedition, or equip a warrior, or look well after a warrior’s family when he is away, will be smitten by God with a sudden calamity before the day of resurrection.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3820
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 33
Anas reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Use your property, your persons and your tongues in striving with the polytheists." Abu Dawud, Nasa’i and Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3821
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 34
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If you greet all and sundry, provide food, and strike the pates of enemies, you will be made heirs of paradise." Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3822
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 35
Fadala b. ‘Ubaid reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Everyone who dies will have fully completed his actions, except one who is on the frontier in God’s path, for his deeds will be made to go on increasing for him till the day of resurrection, and he will be safe from the trial in the grave." Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it, and Darimi transmitted it on the authority of ‘Uqba b. ‘Amir.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3823, 3824
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 36
Mu'adh b. Jabal told of his hearing God’s Messenger say, “If anyone fights in God’s path as long as the time between two milkings of a she- camel* paradise will be assured for him; if anyone is wounded in God’s path or suffers a misfortune, it will come on the day of resurrection as copious as possible, its colour saffron and its odour musk; and if anyone suffers from ulcers while in God's path, he will have on him the stamp of the martyrs." * This refers particularly to the practice of milking a camel, then leaving it for a little to suckle its young, after which it is milked again. The period between the two milkings therefore indicates a very short time. Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3825
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 37
Khuraim b. Fatik reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone makes a contribution towards God's path, seven hundred times as much will be recorded to his credit." Tirmidhi and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3826
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 38
Abu Umama reported God's Messenger as saying, “The best sadaqat are the shade of a large tent in God's path, the gift of a servant in God’s path, or providing in God’s path a she-camel old enough to be covered by a stallion." Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3827
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 39
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No one who weeps from fear of God will go into hell till the milk returns to the udder, and no servant of God will experience both dust in God’s path and the smoke of jahannam." Tirmidhi transmitted it, and Nasa'i added in another version, “ever in a Muslim’s nostrils." In another by him he added, “ever in the belly of a servant of God; and niggardliness and faith will never be combined in the heart of a servant of God."
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3828
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 40
Ibn ‘Abbas reported God's Messenger as saying, “There are two eyes which will never be touched by hell, an eye which weeps from fear of God and an eye which spends the night on guard in God’s path." Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3829
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 41
Abu Huraira told that when one of God’s Messenger’s companion came upon a mountain path containing a small spring of fresh water and was delighted by it, he expressed a desire to withdraw from the people and stay in that path. He mentioned that to God’s Messenger, and he replied, “Do not do it, for when any of you remains in God’s path it is more excellent than prayer in his house during seventy years. Do you not want* God to forgive you and bring you into paradise? Fight* in God's path. He who fights in God's path as long as the time between two milkings of a she-camel will be assured of paradise." *These verbs are in plural. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3830
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 42
Uthman reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A day on the frontier in God’s path is better than a thousand days in any other place." Tirmidhi and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3831
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 43
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “I was shown the first three to enter paradise: a martyr, a continent man who refrains from what is unlawful, and a slave who worships God well and serves his patrons sincerely." Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3832
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 44
‘Abdallah b. Hubshi told that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked which deed was most excellent and replied, “Standing long in prayer." He was asked what sadaqa was most excellent and replied, “The effort of one who possesses little.” He was asked what hijra was most excellent and replied, “That of one who forsakes what God has prohibited.” He was asked what jihad was most excellent and replied, “That of one who strives against the polytheists with his property and his person.” He was asked what manner of being killed was most honourable and replied, “That of one whose blood is shed and whose steed is wounded.” Abu Dawud transmitted it Nasa’i’s version says that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked which actions were most excellent and replied, “Faith which contains no doubt, jihad which contains no unfaithfulness regarding spoil, and a pilgrimage which is accepted.” He was asked what prayer was most excellent and replied, “Standing long in devotion.” The two versions agree about the remainder.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3833
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 45
Al-Miqdam b. Ma'dikarib reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The martyr receives six1 good things from God: he is forgiven at the first shedding of his blood, he is shown his abode in paradise, he is preserved from the punishment in the grave, he is kept safe from the greatest terror2, he has placed on his head the crown of honour a ruby of which is better than the world and what it contains, he is married to seventy-two wives of the maidens with large dark eyes,3 and is made intercessor for seventy of his relatives.” 1. There seem to be seven things mentioned in this tradition. 2. Cf. Al-Qur'an; 21:103. 3. Cf. Al-Qur’an, 56:22. Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3834
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 46
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone meets God with no mark of jihad, he will meet God with a flaw in him.” Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3835
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 47
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The martyr experiences no more pain in being killed than one of you experiences from a sting.” Tirmidhi, Nasa’i and Darimi transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a hasan gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3836
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 48
Abu Umama reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Nothing is dearer to God than two drops and two marks, a drop of tears from fear of God and a drop of blood shed in God’s path. Regarding the two marks, they are a mark received in God’s path and one caused by observing one of the ordinances of God most high.”* * This is said to refer to such things as hacks in hands or feet through performing ablution in cold weather, or a mark on the forehead through prostrating oneself on hot ground, or having dust on one’s feet while performing pilgrimage. Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a hasan gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3837
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 49
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Do not sail on the sea except when going to perform the hajj, or the ‘umra, or when fighting in God’s path, for under the sea there is a fire and under the fire there is a sea.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3838
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 50
Umm Haram reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “He who becomes sick on a stormy sea will have the reward of a martyr, and he who is drowned will have the reward of two martyrs.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3839
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 51
Abu Malik al-Ash‘ari told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “He who goes forth in God’s path and dies, or is killed, or has his neck broken through being thrown by his horse or his camel, or is stung by a poisonous creature, or dies on his bed by any kind of death God wishes is a martyr and will go to paradise.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3840
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 52
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Returning home is like going on an expedition.”* * This is interpreted as referring to rewards. Returning after an expedition means that an opportunity is given for rest and refreshment before beginning another, so it merits reward similar to that for setting out. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3841
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 53
He reported God's Messenger as saying, “The fighter gets his reward, and the one who equips him gets his own reward and that of the fighter.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3842
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 54
Abu Ayyub told that he heard the Prophet (ﷺ) say, “Capitals will be conquered at your hands and you will have to raise companies in large armies. A man will be unwilling to join a company, so he will escape from his people and go round the tribes offering himself to them, seeking someone whose place he may take in such and such an expedition.* That man is a hireling to the last drop of his blood.” * This is the type of person who dislikes being sent on a warlike expedition, but who is quite willing to take someone else’s place if he is paid for it. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3843
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 55
Ya‘la. b. Umayya said: God’s Messenger announced an expedition, and as I was a very old man who had no servant I sought a hireling who would serve instead of me. I found a man to whom I offered three dinars, and when some booty arrived I wanted to give him his portion, so I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned the matter to him, but he said, “All I can find for him regarding this expedition of his in this world and the next is the three dinars which were offered him." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3844
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 56
Abu Huraira told that a man said, “Messenger of God, a man wishes to take part in jihad in God’s path desiring some worldly advantage." The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “He will have no reward." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3845
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 57
Mu'adh reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Fighting is of two kinds. The one who seeks God’s favour, obeys the leader, gives property he values, helps his associate and avoids doing mischief will have a reward for all the time he is asleep and awake, but the one who fights in a boasting spirit, for the sake of display and to gain a reputation, who disobeys the leader and does mischief in the earth will not return without credit or blame.’’* * i.e. the wrong he has done exceeds the good. Malik, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3846
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 58
'Abdallah b. ‘Amr told that he asked God’s Messenger to tell him about jihad and he replied, “If you fight with endurance, ‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr, seeking from God your reward, God will resurrect you showing endurance and seeking your reward from Him, but if you fight for vain show seeking to acquire much God will resurrect you making a vain show and seeking to acquire much. In whatever state you fight or are killed, ‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr, in that state God will resurrect you." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3847
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 59
‘Uqba b. Malik reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “When I send out a man and he does not fulfil my command, are you unable to appoint in his place one who will fulfil my command?" Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3848
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 60
Abu Umama said: We went out with God’s Messenger on an expedition and when a man came upon a cave containing some water and vegetables he felt inclined to stay in it and withdraw from the world, so he asked God’s Messenger’s permission regarding that, but he replied, “I was not commissioned with Judaism, or Christianity, but with the easy Hanif religion. By Him in whose hand Muhammad's soul is, a morning or an evening expedition in God’s path is better than the world and what it contains, and for one of you to remain in the line of battle is better than his prayers for sixty years.” Ahmad transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3849
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 61
‘Ubada b. as-Samit reported God’s Messenger as saying, “He who fights in God’s path with no intention but getting a tethering rope will have what he intended.”* * This saying advocates the necessity of having proper motives. If all one wants is some material gain that is all he will get, for he will not deserve any eternal reward. Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3850
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 62
Abu Sa'id reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If anyone is pleased with God as Lord, with Islam as religion and with Muhammad as Messenger, paradise will be assured to him.” Abu Sa'id was delighted with this and asked him to repeat it. He did so and then said, “There is also something else for which God will raise a servant in paradise a hundred degrees between each two of which there is a distance like that between heaven and earth.” He asked God's Messenger what it was and he replied, “jihad in God's path; jihad in God’s path; jihad in God’s path.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3851
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 63
Abu Musa reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The gates of paradise are under the shadow of the swords.” A man with a ragged appearance got up and asked Abu Musa whether he had heard God's Messenger say that; and when he received the reply that he had, he returned to his companions, said, “I salute you,” then broke the scabbard of his sword and threw it away, then went towards the enemy with his sword and plied it till he was killed. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3852
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 64
Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying to his companions, “When your brethren were smitten at the battle of Uhud God put their spirits in the crops of green birds which go down to the rivers of paradise, eat its fruits and nestle in lamps of gold in the shade of the Throne. Then when they experienced the sweetness of their food, drink and rest they asked who would tell their brethren about them that they were alive in paradise in order that they might not cease to desire paradise or recoil in war. God most high said He would tell them about them, so He sent down, ‘And do not consider those who have been killed in God’s path to be dead; nay, they are alive in the presence of their Lord and are being supplied with provision . ..” (Al-Qur’an; 3:169 ff.) Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3853
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 65
Aba Sa'id al-Khudri reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The believers in the world are in three classes: those who believe in God and His Messenger and do not doubt, but strive with their property and their persons in God’s path; the man whom people trust with their property and their persons; then the man who, when he is about to display greed, abandons it for the sake of God who is great and glorious.” Ahmad transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3854
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 66
‘Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu ‘Amira* reported God’s Messenger as saying, “No Muslim soul which God takes wants to return to you and have the world and what it contains except the martyr.” Ibn Abu ‘Amira told that God’s Messenger said, “That I should be slain in God’s path is dearer to me than to possess the nomads and the townsmen.” * On p. 725 the name appears as 'Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu ‘Amra al-Ansari. Ibn 'Abd al-Barr, Isti'ab, p 395 treats the two as one man, quoting al-Walid b. Muslim to the effect that he was ‘Abd ar-Rahman b. 'Amra or 'Amira al-Muzani, but in the heading of the section he gives the name as 'Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu 'Amira. He says he has been reputed to have been a companion of the Prophet, but that this is not correct. He was a Syrian. Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3855
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 67
Hasna’ daughter of Mu'awiya said her paternal uncle told her he had asked the Prophet (ﷺ) who were in paradise, and he replied, “Prophets are in paradise, martyrs are in paradise, infants are in paradise, and children buried alive are in paradise.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3856
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 68
‘Ali, Abud Darda’, Abu Huraira, Abu Umama, ‘Abdallah b. ‘Umar, ‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr, Jabir b. ‘Abdallah and ‘Imran b. Husain all reported God’s Messenger as saying, "He who sends a contribution towards God’s path and stays in his house will have seven hundred dirhams for every dirham he contributes, but he who fights in person and contributes towards that expedition of his will have seven hundred thousand dirhams for every dirham he contributes.” Then he recited this verse, "And God multiplies to whom He will.” (Al-Qur’an; 2:261) Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3857
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 69
Fadala b. ‘Ubaid told of hearing ‘Umar b. al-Khattab say he had heard God’s Messenger saying, "The martyrs are of four types: (1) a believing man whose faith is good who meets the enemy and is sincere towards God till he is killed, and that is the one to whom men will raise their eyes on the day of resurrection thus (raising his head till his cap fell off, but I do not know whether he meant ‘Umar’s cap or the Prophet’s cap); (2) a believing man whose faith is good, who meets the enemy and appears as if his skin had been torn by acacia thorns through cowardice, and then is killed by a random arrow, he being in the second class; (3) a believing man who mingles a good deed with another which is bad who meets the enemy and is sincere towards God till he is killed, that one being in the third class; (4) a believing man who has been dissipated who meets the enemy and is sincere towards God till he is killed, that one being in the fourth class.” Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is hasan gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3858
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 70
‘Utba b. ‘Abd as-Sulami reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The slain are of three types: (1) a believer who strives with his property and person in God’s path and when he meets the enemy fights till he is killed. (Of him the Prophet (ﷺ) said that that martyr who has suffered trial is in God's tent under- His Throne and is not excelled by the prophets except in the degree of the prophetic office.) (2) A believer who mingles a good deed with another which is evil, who fights with his person and property in God’s path, fighting till he is killed when he meets the enemy. (Of him the Prophet (ﷺ) said that it is a cleansing agent which has obliterated his sins and his errors, for the sword obliterates errors, and he will be introduced by whichever of the gates of paradise he wishes.) (3) A hypocrite who strives with his person and property, and when he meets the enemy fights till he is killed; but that one will go to hell, for the sword does not obliterate hypocrisy.” Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3859
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 71
Ibn ‘A’idh told that God’s Messenger went out to a man’s funeral, and when he was laid down ‘Umar b. al-Khattab said, "Do not pray over him, Messenger of God, for he was a wicked man. Thereupon God’s Messenger turned to the people and asked whether any of them has seen him engaged in anything which indicated that he was a Muslim, and when a man replied, "Yes, Messenger of God, he acted as guard one night in God's path,” he prayed over him, scattered dust over him, and then said, "Your companions think you are one of those who go to hell, but I testify that you are one of those who go to paradise.” He then said, "You will not be questioned, ‘Umar, about what people have done, but you will be questioned about the true religion.”* * This is taken to mean that he will not be questioned about acts of disobedience, but about indication that one is a Muslim. Baihaqi transmitted it in Shu'ab al-lman.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3860
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 72
‘Uqba b. ‘Amir told that he heard God's Messenger say when he was on the pulpit, “Prepare for them as much strength as you can. Strength is shooting; strength is shooting; strength is shooting.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3861
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 73
He told that he heard God's Messenger say, “The Byzantines will be defeated at your hands and God will defend you, but let none of you be so careless as not to employ his arrows.”* * i.e. they must not neglect to practise archery. The idea is that although God defends them, this does not absolve them from effort. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3862
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 74
He told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “If anyone knows how to shoot and gives it up he does not belong to us,” or, “he has been disobedient.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3863
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 75
Salama b. al-Akwa‘ told that God’s Messenger went out to some people of Aslam who were having a shooting match in the suq* and said, “Shoot, sons of Ishmael, for your ancestor was an archer. I am supporting the B. so and so,” referring to one of the two parties. They then stopped, and when he asked what was the matter, they replied, “How can we shoot when you are supporting the B. so and so?” He said, “Shoot; I am supporting you all.” * Different explanations are given. It may be in the market-place (suq). Mirqat, iv, 202 is inclined to understand suq as the plural of saq (leg) and interpret it as meaning that they were on their feet, not riding camels. It has even been said that the reading is as-Sauq and that this is the name of a place; but I can find no reference to any such place. This all goes to show how difficult interpreters can make a passage seem when they let their imagination loose. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3864
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 76
Anas told that Abu Talha and the Prophet (ﷺ) were both using one shield. Abu Talha was a good archer, and when he shot the Prophet (ﷺ) looked over and watched where his arrows went. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3865
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 77
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Blessing rests on the forelocks of the horses.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3866
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 78
Jarir b. ‘Abdallah told that he saw God’s Messenger twisting his finger in a horse’s forelock and saying, "The horses have good tied in their forelocks till the day of resurrection, i.e. reward and spoil.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3867
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 79
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, "If anyone reserves a horse in God’s path with faith in God and belief in His promise, its food, drink, dung and urine will be in his scale on the day of resurrection.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3868
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 80
He said that God’s Messenger disliked horses with shikal, which means a horse having a white mark on its right hind leg and left foreleg, or on its right foreleg and left hind leg. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3869
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 81
‘Abdallah b. ‘Umar told that God’s Messenger held race between the horses which had been made lean by training from al-Hafya’ to Thaniyat al-Wada’, a distance of six miles, and he held a race between the horses which had not undergone such training from the thaniya* to the mosque of the B. Zuraiq, a distance of a mile. * Thaniya is a mountain pass. Thaniyat al-Wada' is a pass overlooking Medina by which people went on the road to Mecca. (Bukhari and Muslim)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3870
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 82
Anas told that God’s Messenger had a she-camel called al-‘Adba' which had not been outstripped by any other, but a nomadic Arab came on a young riding camel of his and it outstripped it. That distressed the Muslims, but God’s Messenger said, "It is God’s right that nothing should become exalted in the world without His lowering it.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3871
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 83
‘Uqba b. ‘Amir told that he heard God’s Messenger say, "God most high will cause three persons to enter paradise for one arrow: the maker when he has a good motive in making it, the one who shoots it, and the one who hands it; so shoot and ride, but your shooting is more appreciated by me than your riding. Everything with which a man amuses himself is vain, except his shooting with his bow, his training of his horse, and his playing with his wife, for they pertain to what is right.” Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it, and Abu Dawud and Darimi added, “If anyone abandons archery after becoming an adept through distaste for it, it is a blessing he has abandoned," or he said “for which he has been ungrateful."
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3872
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 84
Abu Najih as-Sulami told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “He who causes an arrow to hit its mark in God’s path will have it count as a degree for him in paradise, if anyone shoots an arrow in God’s path it is equivalent to his setting someone free, and if anyone develops a grey hair on behalf of Islam it will be a light for him on the day of resurrection." Baihaqi transmitted it in Shu'ab al-iman. Abu Dawud transmitted the first section, Nasa’i the first and second, and Tirmidhi the second and third. The version of Nasa’i and Tirmidhi has, “If anyone develops a grey hair in God’s path,” instead of “on behalf of Islam."
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3873
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 85
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Wagers are allowed only for shooting arrows, or racing camels or horses.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3874
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 86
He reported God's Messenger as saying, “If one enters a horse with two others there is no good in it if he is certain it cannot be beaten, but there is no harm if he is not." It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna. In Abu Dawud’s version he said, “If one enters a horse with two others when he is not certain that it cannot be beaten, it is not gambling; but when one enters a horse with two others when he is certain it cannot be beaten, it is gambling."
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3875
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 87
‘Imran b. Husain reported God’s Messenger as saying, “There must be no shouting or leading another horse at one’s side."* Yahya added in his tradition, “when racing for a wager." * There must be no shouting to urge one’s horse on, and one must not take a horse alongside him to which he may transfer if he is afraid his horse may be beaten. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it, and Tirmidhi transmitted it with an addition in the section on seizing forcibly.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3876
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 88
Abu Qatada reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “The best type of horse is the black one with a blaze on its face and a white spot on its upper lip* next comes the horse with a blaze on its face and white on the legs, except on a right one. If it is not black, then a dark bay horse with those markings.” * Artham. This may mean either that it has a white spot on its upper lip, or on the point of its nose. Tirmidhi and Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3877
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 89
Abu Wahb al-Jushami reported God’s Messenger as saying, ‘‘Keep to every dark bay horse with a white blaze and white on the legs, or sorrel with a white blaze and white on the legs, or black with a white blaze and white on the legs.” Aba Dawud and Nasa'i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3878
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 90
Ibn ‘Abbas reported God's Messenger as saying, “The most favored horses are the sorrel.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3879
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 91
‘Utba b. ‘Abd as-Sulami told that he heard God’s Messenger say, “Do not cut the forelocks, manes, or tails of horses, for their tails are their means of driving off flies, their manes provide them with warmth, and blessing is tied to their forelocks.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3880
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 92
Aba Wahb al-Jushami reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Tie the horses, rub down their forelocks and rumps (or he said, their buttocks), and put things on their necks, but do not put bowstrings.”* * The reason for this is that bowstrings may injure them. Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3881
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 93
Ibn ‘Abbas said: God’s Messenger was a servant under command who applied to us* only three things which he did not apply to the people in general. He ordered us to perform ablution fully, not to consume sadaqa, and not to make an ass cover a mare. * He means the members of the Prophet’s family. Tirmidhi and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3882
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 94
‘Ali told that God's Messenger was presented with a she-mule which he rode, so ‘Ali said, “If we made asses cover mares we would have animals of this type,” to which God’s Messenger replied, “Only those who do not know do that.” Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3883
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 95
Anas said the pommel of God's Messenger’s sword was of silver. Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Nasa'i and Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3884
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 96
Hud b, ‘Abdallah b. Sa'd quoted his grandfather Mazida* as saying that on the day of the Conquest of Mecca God’s Messenger entered with gold and silver on his sword. *i.e. on his mother’s side. Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3885
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 97
As-Sa’ib b. Yazid told that the Prophet (ﷺ) wore two coats of mail at the battle of Uhud as a double protection. Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3886
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 98
Ibn ‘Abbas said that the Prophet’s standard1 was black and his banner2 white. 1. Raya. 2. Liwa’. The standard was larger than the banner. Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3887
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 99
Musa b. ‘Ubaida, client of Muhammad b. al-Qasim, told that Muhammad b. al-Qasim sent him to al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib to ask him about God’s Messenger’s standard, and he said it was black and square, being made of a woollen rug. Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3888
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 100
Jabir said that when the Prophet (ﷺ) entered Mecca his banner was white. Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3889
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 101
Anas said that, after women, nothing was dearer to God's Messenger than horses. Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3890
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 102
‘Ali told that God’s Messenger had in his hand an Arab bow, and on seeing a man with a Persian bow in his hand he said, “What is this? Throw it away. Keep* to this and such like, and to spears with shafts, for God will help you to support the religion with them and establish you in the land.” * This verb is in the plural, indicating that, after the man is told to throw away the bow he is carrying, a general command is given to the people. Ibn Majah transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3891
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 103
Ka'b b. Malik said that the Prophet (ﷺ) set out on a Thursday in the expedition to Tabuk and that he used to like to set out on a Thursday. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3892
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 104
‘Abdallah b. ‘Umar reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If people knew what I know about the dangers of being alone, no rider would travel alone at night." Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3893
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 105
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The angels do not go along with a travelling company in which there is a dog or a bell." Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3894
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 106
He reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The bell is the devil’s pipes.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3895
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 107
Abu Bashir al-Ansari told that when he was with God's Messenger on one of his journeys God’s Messenger sent one to say, “No necklace of bowstring or anything else must be left on a camel’s neck, but must be cut off.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3896
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 108
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “When you travel in fertile country give the camels their due from the ground, and when you travel in time of drought make them go quickly. When you encamp at night keep away from the roads, for they are where the beasts pass and are the resort of insects at night." A version has, “When you travel in time of drought hasten with them while they have their marrow." Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3897
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 109
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: While we were on a journey with God’s Messenger a man came on a riding beast and began to turn right and left,* whereupon God’s Messenger said, “He who has an extra mount should lend it to him who has none, and he who has extra provision should give it to him who has none.” He said that he mentioned various kinds of property till they began to think none of them had a right to anything extra. * The camel was evidently tired, and the man seems to have been looking around to see whether he could get any help. Another suggestion is that the man was walking with his goods loaded on the camel, but the wording hardly supports this. Cf. Mirqat, iv, 213 f. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3898
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 110
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “Travel is a piece of punishment which deprives a man of his sleep, food and drink; so when he accomplishes his purpose where he has gone he should hasten to his family.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3899
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 111
‘Abdallah b. Ja'far said: When God’s Messenger arrived after a journey he was met by the children of his household. Once when he arrived after a journey I was the first to meet him and he lifted me in front of him. Then one of Fatima’s two sons was brought along and he set him behind him, and we were brought into Medina, three on one beast. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3900
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 112
Anas told that he and Abu Talha arrived with God’s Messenger who had Safiya riding behind him on his mount. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3901
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 113
He said that God’s Messenger did not come to his family during the night, but was accustomed to enter only in the morning or in the evening. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3902
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 114
Jabir reported God’s Messenger as saying, “When one of you has been away from home for a long time he must not come to his family during the night.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3903
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 115
He reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “When you arrive during the night do not go in to your family till the woman whose husband has been away cleans herself and the dishevelled woman combs herself.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3904
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 116
He told that when the Prophet (ﷺ) came to Medina he slew a camel or a cow.* * There seems to be no certainty as to whether this refers to the arrival at the time of the Hijra, or whether the tradition means to indicate a general practice. It is said that the sunna requires one who returns from a journey to provide such entertainment as is within his means. If the use of "or” in the tradition does not indicate a doubt on the part of the transmitter as to which word is correct, but is a real alternative, this would justify the view that the tradition speaks of a practice of the Prophet. But the Arabic construction really suggests one occasion rather than any time the Prophet (ﷺ) came back to Medina. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3905
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 117
Ka'b b. Malik said that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to arrive from a journey only in the daytime during the forenoon, and that when he arrived he went first to the mosque where he prayed two rak'as, after which he sat in it and gave audience to the people. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3906
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 118
Jabir said: I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) on a journey, and when we came to Medina he said to me, "Enter the mosque and pray two rak'as in it." Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3907
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 119
Sakhr b. Wada'a al-Ghamidi reported God’s Messenger as saying, "O God, bless my people in their early morning.” When he sent out a detachment or an army he sent them at the beginning of the day. Sakhr was a merchant, and he would send off his merchandise at the beginning of the day; and he became rich and had much wealth. Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3908
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 120
Anas reported God’s Messenger as saying, "Keep to travelling by night, for the earth is traversed [more easily]* by night.” *Literally ‘the earth is folded up.' The idea is that at night the journey seems shorter. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3909
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 121
‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, told that his grandfather reported God's Messenger as saying, "A single rider is a devil and a pair of riders are a pair of devils, but three are a company of riders.” Malik, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3910
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 122
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported God’s Messenger as saying, "When three are on a journey they should appoint one of them as their commander.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3911
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 123
Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, "The best number of companions is four, the best number in expeditions four hundred, and the best number in armies four thousand; and twelve thousand will not be overcome through smallness of numbers." Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3912
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 124
Jabir told that God’s Messenger used to keep to the rear when traveling and urge on the weak. He would take someone up behind him and would make supplication for them all. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3913
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 125
Abu Tha'laba al-Khushani said that when the people encamped they scattered in the glens and wadis, but when God’s Messenger said, “Your scattering in these glens and wadis is only of the devil," they afterwards kept close together when they encamped to such an extent that it used to be said that if a cloth were spread over them it would cover them all. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3914
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 126
‘Abdallah b. Mas’ud said: At the battle of Badr there was one camel to every three men of us. Abu Lubaba and ‘Ali b. Abu Talib were the travelling companions of God’s Messenger, and when his turn to dismount came they would offer to walk instead of him, but he would reply, “You are not stronger than I am, and I am not more able to dispense with the reward* than you are." * i.e. the reward in the next world for walking part of the way. It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3915
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 127
Abu Huraira reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Do not treat the backs of your beasts as pulpits, for God most high has made them subject to you only to convey you to a town which you could not reach without difficulty; and He has appointed the earth for you, so conduct your business on it." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3916
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 128
Anas said: When we encamped we did not glorify God* till we had loosened the saddles. * This is explained as meaning to perform the salat. Cf. Mirqat, iv, 218. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3917
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 129
Buraida told that while God’s Messenger was walking a man who had an ass came to him and, moving to the back of the animal, invited him to mount, but he said, “No; you have more right to ride in front on your animal unless you grant that right to me." The man replied that he did, and so he mounted. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3918
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 130
Sa'id b. Abu Hind told that Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “There are camels which belong to devils and houses which belong to devils." He1 said he had seen the devils’ camels; one goes out with fine she-camels which he has fattened, neither riding any of them nor giving a lift to a tired brother whom he meets, but he had not seen the devils' houses. Sa'id used to say he thought they were those cages which concealed people2 with brocade. 1. It is commonly held that this refers to Abu Huraira. 2. A various reading has ‘which people concealed’. The cages mean the litters on camels' backs. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3919
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 131
Sahl b. Mu'adh reported his father as saying: We went on an expedition with the Prophet (ﷺ) and the people occupied so much space that they encroached on the road,* so God’s Prophet sent a man to announce among the people, “Those who occupy much space or encroach on the road will not be credited with jihad.” * This refers to times when they were encamping. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3920
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 132
Jabir reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “The best time for a man to go in to his family on returning from a journey is at the beginning of the night.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3921
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 133
Abu Qatada told that when God's Messenger encamped at night on a journey he lay down on his right side, and when he encamped a little before morning he raised his forearm and placed his head on the palm of his hand. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3922
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 134
Ibn ‘Abbas told that the Prophet (ﷺ) sent ‘Abdallah b. Rawaha with a detachment and that happened to be on a Friday. His companions set off in the morning, but he decided to stay behind and catch up on them after saying the prayer along with God’s Messenger. When he did so he saw him and asked him what had prevented him from going out in the morning with his companions. He replied, “I wanted to pray along with you and then catch up with them,” whereupon he said, “If you were to contribute all the earth contains you would not attain to the excellence of their going out in the morning.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3923
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 135
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The angels do not go with a travelling company in which there is a panther skin.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3924
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 136
Sahl b. Sa'd reported God’s Messenger as saying, “The lord of the people on a journey is their servant,* and he who precedes them in service will not be preceded by them on account of any deed but martyrdom.” * This is said to mean either that the leader must look after the interests of his followers, or that even the humblest member who serves the others is rewarded by God as if he were the dealer. Baihaqi transmitted it in Shu'ab al-iman.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3925
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 137
Ibn ‘Abbas told that the Prophet (ﷺ) wrote to Qaisar summoning him to Islam. He sent Dihya al-Kalbi with his letter to him and ordered him to hand it to the governor of Busra for him to convey to Qaisar. Its contents were: In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. From Muhammad, God’s servant and Messenger, to Hiraql1 chief of the Byzantines. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. To proceed: I send you the summons to accept Islam (bi da'iyat al-islam). If you accept Islam you will be safe, and if you accept Islam God will bring you your reward twofold; but if you turn away you will be guilty of the sin of your followers (al-arisiyin).2 “0 people of the Book, come to a word which is common between us and you, that we should worship only God, not attribute any partner to Him, or take one another as lords apart from God. But if they turn away say, Testify that we are Muslims."3 1. Heraclius. 2. Arisi means a tiller of the soil, but is here used as a general reference to the common people who will follow his example. 3. Al-Qur’an; 3:64. (Bukhari and Muslim.) A version by Muslim has “From Muhammad God’s Messenger," “the sin of al-yarisiyin” and bi-di'ayat al-islam.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3926
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 138
He told that God’s Messenger sent his letter to Kisra with ‘Abdallah b. Hudhafa as-Sahmi, ordering him to hand it to the governor of al- Bahrain. The governor of al-Bahrain conveyed it to Kisra, and when he read it he tore it up. Ibn al-Musayyib said that God’s Messenger then invoked a curse on them to the effect that they might be torn into little pieces. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3927
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 139
Anas told that the Prophet (ﷺ) wrote to Kisra, Qaisar, the Najashi, and every powerful man, summoning them to God, but it was not the Najashi on whom the Prophet (ﷺ) invoked a blessing.* * It says that the Najashi (Negus) of Abyssinia to whom this letter was sent was not the same as the one who ruled at the time when the early emigration from Mecca to Abyssinia took place. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3928
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 140
Sulaiman b. Buraida told on his father’s authority that when God’s Messenger appointed a commander over an army or a detachment he instructed him to fear God himself and consider the welfare of the Muslims who were with him. He then said, “Go forth in God’s name in God’s path and fight with those who disbelieve in God. Go forth and do not be unfaithful regarding booty, or treacherous, or mutilate anyone, or kill a child. When you meet the polytheists who are your enemy summon them to three things, and accept whichever of them they are willing to agree to, and refrain from them. Then* summon them to Islam, and if they agree accept it from them and refrain from them. Then summon them to leave their abodes and transfer to the abode of the Emigrants, and tell them that if they do so they will have the same rights and responsibilities as the Emigrants; but if they refuse to transfer from them tell them they will be like the desert Arabs who are Muslims, subject to God’s jurisdiction which applies to the believers, but will have no spoil or booty unless they strive with the Muslims. If they refuse demand the jizya from them, and if they agree accept it from them and refrain from them; but if they refuse seek God’s help and fight with them. When you invest a fortress and its people wish you to grant them the protection of God and His prophet, grant them neither but grant them your protection and that of your companions, for it is less serious to break your guarantee of protection and that of your companions than to break that of God and His Messenger. If you invest a fortress and its people offer to capitulate and have the matter referred to God’s jurisdiction, do not grant this, but let them capitulate and have the matter referred to your jurisdiction, for you do not know whether or not you will hit on God’s jurisdiction regarding them.” * What follows gives in detail the three things mentioned above. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3929
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 141
‘Abdallah b. Abu Aufa told that at one of his battles in which God’s Messenger met the enemy he waited till the sun declined, then stood up among the people and said, “You people must not desire to meet the enemy, but must ask God for wellbeing, and when you meet them show endurance and know that paradise is under the shadows of the swords." He then said, “O God, who sendest down the Book, makest the clouds to travel and routest the confederates, rout them and give us victory over them.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3930
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 142
Anas said: When the Prophet (ﷺ) took us out on an expedition against a people he did not set out with us till the morning. He would look at them, and if he heard a call to prayer he refrained from them, but if he did not hear any he attacked them. We went out to Khaibar and reached them by night, but when the morning came and he heard no call to prayer he mounted. I mounted behind Abu Talha and my foot was touching God’s Prophet’s They came out to us with their large baskets and their spades, and when they saw the Prophet (ﷺ) they said, “Muhammad, by God, Muhammad and the army," and went for refuge to the fortress. When God's Messenger saw them he said, “God is most great, God is most great. Khaibar has fallen.1 When we alight in the courtyard of a people it is an evil morning for those who have been warned."2 1. Or, 'May Khaibar fall. 2. Cf. Al-Qur'an; 37:177. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3931
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 143
An-Nu‘man b. Muqarrin said he was present at fighting along with God’s Messenger, and when he did not fight at the beginning of the day he waited till the winds blew and the time of prayer came. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3932
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 144
An-Nu‘man b. Muqarrin said he was present at fighting along with God’s Messenger, and when he did not fight at the beginning of the day he waited till the sun had passed the meridian, the winds blew and help came down. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3933
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 145
Qatada quoted an-Nu‘man b. Muqarrin as saying: I went on an expedition with God's Messenger, and when dawn came he waited till the sun rose and when it rose he fought. Then when midday came he stopped till the sun passed the meridian and when it had done so he fought till the afternoon, when he stopped till he prayed the afternoon prayer, and then fought. Qatada told that it used to be said that the winds of victory blew at that time and the believers made supplication for their armies during their prayer. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3934
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 146
Islam al-Muzani said: God’s Messenger sent us in a detachment and said, “When you see a mosque or hear a mu’adhdhin (The one who makes the call to prayer) do not kill anyone.” Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3935
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 147
Abu Wa’il told that Khalid b. al-Walid wrote to the people of Persia: In the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. From Khalid b. al-Walid to Rustum and Mih'an among the nobles of Persia. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. To proceed: We summon you to Islam, but if you refuse then pay the jizya in subjection feeling humbled (Cf. Al-Qur'an, 9:29). If you refuse to do that, I have with me people who love being killed in God’s path as the Persians love wine. Peace be to those who follow the guidance. It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3936
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 148
Jabir told that a man said to the Prophet (ﷺ) at the battle of Uhud, “Tell me where I shall be if I am killed,” and that when he replied that he would be in paradise he threw away some dates he had in his hand and fought till he was killed. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3937
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 149
Ka‘b b. Malik said: When God’s Messenger intended to go on an expedition he always pretended to be going somewhere else till that expedition, meaning the one to Tabuk. God’s Messenger undertook it in extreme heat, facing a long journey, desert country and a numerous enemy. He made clear to the Muslims what they were about to do in order that they might get ready the equipment for their expedition, telling them where he was going. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3938
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 150
Jabir reported God's Messenger as saying, “War is deception.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3939
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 151
Anas told that when God’s Messenger went on an expedition he took Umm Sulaim, and he had some women of the Ansar who supplied water and tended the wounded when he made an expedition. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3940
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 152
Umm ‘Atiya said: I went on seven expeditions with God's Messenger and stayed behind to look after the baggage, prepare food for them, tend the wounded and look after the sick. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3941
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 153
‘Abdallah b. ‘Umar said God’s Messenger forbade killing women and children. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3942
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 154
As-Sa‘b b. Jaththama told that God’s Messenger was asked about the polytheists whose settlements were attacked at night when some of their women and offspring were smitten, and replied that they were of their number. A version has it that they were regarded in the same way as their parents. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3943
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 155
Ibn ‘Umar told that God’s Messenger cut down the palm-trees of the B. an-Nadir and burned them. On that Hassan says: The nobles of the B. Lu’ayy treated lightly a widely dispersed conflagration in al-Buwaira. Concerning that came down, “The palm-trees you cut down or left standing on their roots, it was by God’s permission” (Al-Quran 59:5). (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3944
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 156
‘Abdallah b. ‘Aun said that Nafi‘ wrote to tell him that Ibn ‘Umar informed him the Prophet (ﷺ) made an attack on the B. al-Mustaliq attacking their camels in al-Muraisi‘.* He killed the fighting men and took the children captive. * Ibn Ishaq says this expedition took place in Sha'ban, 6 A.H., but this has been questioned, Muraisi’ was a watering-place belonging to the B. al-Mustaliq. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3945
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 157
Abu Usaid reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying to them at the battle of Badr when they drew up in line to meet Quraish and they drew up in line to meet them, “When they come near you shoot arrows at them.” A version has, “When they come near you shoot at them, but do not use all your arrows.” Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3946
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 158
‘Abd ar-Rahman b. ‘Auf told that at Badr the Prophet (ﷺ) equipped hem at night for battle. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3947
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 159
Al-Muhallab reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If the enemy attacks you at night let your war-cry be Ha’ Mim'. They will not be helped’.”* *These words may be taken from sura 41 which is one beginning with Ha Mim. The other words are in verse 16 of that sura. Cf. 44: 41. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3948
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 160
Samura b. Jundub said that the war-cry of the Emigrants was ‘Abdallah and that of the Helpers ‘Abd ar-Rahman. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3949
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 161
Salama b. al-Akwa‘ said: We went on an expedition with Abu Bakr in the time of the Prophet. We attacked the enemy by night and killed them, and our war-cry that night was “Put to death; put to death.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3950
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 162
Qais b. ‘Ubad said that God’s Messenger’s companions disliked shouting while fighting. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3951
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 163
Samura b. Jundub reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Kill the old men who are polytheists, but spare their sharkh i.e., their children. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3952
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 164
‘Urwa said Usama told him that God's Messenger enjoined him to attack Ubna in the morning and burn the place. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3953
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 165
Abu Usaid reported God’s Messenger as saying at the battle of Badr, “When they come near you shoot at them, but do not draw your swords till they are close upon you.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3954
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 166
Rabah b. ar-Rabi’ said: When we were with God’s Messenger on an expedition he saw some people collected together over something and sent a man whom he told to see what these people were collected around. When he came and told him they were round a woman who had been killed he said, “This is not one with whom fighting should have taken place.” Khalid b. al-Walid was in charge of the van, so he sent a man to tell him not to kill a woman or a hired servant. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3955
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 167
Anas reported God's Messenger as saying, “Go in God’s name, trusting in God, and adhering to the religion of God’s Messenger. Do not kill a decrepit old man, or a young infant, or a woman; do not be dishonest about booty, but collect your spoils, do right and act well, for God loves those who do well.”* * Cf. Al-Qur’an; 2: 195; 5:13. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3956
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 168
‘Ali said: At the battle of Badr 'Utba b. Rabi'a came forward followed by his son and his brother and cried out, “Who will engage in single combat?” Some young men of the Helpers responded to his call, but when he asked them who they were and they told him he said, “I have no use for you; I want only my cousins on my father’s side.” God’s Messenger then said, “Get up, Hamza; get up, ‘Ali; get up, ‘Ubaida b. al-Harith.” Hamza went forward to ‘Utba, I went forward to Shaiba, and after two blows had been exchanged between ‘Ubaida and al-Walid they wounded one another severely; so we turned against al-Walid, and when we had killed him we carried ‘Ubaida away. Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3957
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 169
Ibn ‘Umar said: God’s Messenger sent us with a detachment and the people wheeled round in flight, so when we came to Medina we hid in it thinking that we had become corrupted.1 Then we went to God’s Messenger and told him we were those who had fled, but he replied, “No, you are the ones who return to fight after wheeling away, and I am your main body.”2 1. Literally “had perished.” They thought that they had committed a serious sin by turning in flight. 2. The word fi’a is here used. The suggestion is that to withdraw to join one’s unit stationed in the rear is not flying from the enemy. Cf. Al-Qur’an; 8:16. Tirmidhi transmitted it. Abu Dawud’s version has something similar. He said, “No, you are the ones who return to fight after wheeling away.” We then approached and kissed his hand, and he said, “I am the main body of the Muslims.”
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3958
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 170
Thauban b. Yazid told that the Prophet (ﷺ) set up the ballista when attacking the people of at-Ta’if. Tirmidhi transmitted it in mursal form.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3959
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 171
Abu Huraira reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “God is charmed with people who will enter paradise in chains.”* A version has, “who will be led to paradise in chains.” *This is explained as meaning non-Muslims who are taken prisoner and accept Islam. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3960
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 172
Salama b. al-Akwa‘ said: A spy of the polytheists who came to the Prophet (ﷺ) when he was on a journey sat and talked with his companions and afterwards withdrew. The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, “Look for him and kill him,” so I killed him and the Prophet (ﷺ) gave me the spoil taken from him. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3961
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 173
He said: We went on an expedition with God’s Messenger against Hawazin, and while we were having a meal in the forenoon with God’s Messenger a man came on a red camel, and after he had made it kneel he began to look around. Now we were in a weak condition and in a poor way with regard to mounts, and some of us were on foot. He went out in a hurry and coming to his camel made it go and it went off quickly with him. I hastened out and catching the camel’s nose-rein I made it kneel, then drew my sword and struck the man on his head. I then brought the camel leading it with his saddle and weapons on it, and when God's Messenger and the people met me he asked who had killed the man. On their replying that it was the son of al-Akwa‘, he said, “He gets all his spoil.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3962
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 174
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said: When the B. Quraiza surrendered agreeing to have their fate decided by Sa‘d b. Mu'adh God’s Messenger sent for him and he came on an ass. When he drew near God's Messenger said, “Rise up in respect to your chief.” Then when he had come and sat down God's Messenger said, “These people have surrendered agreeing that you should decide their fate,” so he said, “I decide that the fighting men be killed and that the offspring be taken into captivity.” He then declared, “You have given regarding them the decision of the King.” A version has, “God’s decision.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3963
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 175
Abu Huraira told that God's Messenger sent some horsemen to Najd and they brought a man of the B. Hanifa called Thumama b. Uthal who was the chief of the people of al-Yamama and bound him to one of the pillars of the mosque. God’s Messenger came out to him and said, “What are you expecting, Thumama?” He replied, “I expect good, Muhammad. If you kill me you will kill one whose blood will be avenged, if you show favour you will show it to one who is grateful, and if you want property and ask you will be given as much of it as you wish.” God’s Messenger left him till the next day, and asked him, “What are you expecting, Thumama?” He replied, “I am expecting what I said to you. If you show favour you will show it to one who is grateful, if you kill me you will kill one whose blood will be avenged, and if you want property and ask you will be given as much of it as you wish.” God's Messenger left him till the following day, and asked him, “What are you expecting, Thumama?” He replied, “I am expecting what I said to you. If you show favour you will show it to one who is grateful, if you kill me you will kill one whose blood will be avenged, and if you want property and ask you will be given as much of it as you wish.” God’s Messenger then said, “Set Thumama free.” He went off to some palm-trees near the mosque, and after bathing he entered the mosque and said, “I testify that there is no god but God, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. I swear by God, Muhammad, that there was no face on the face of the earth more hateful to me than yours, but your face has become the dearest of all to me. I swear by God that there was no religion more hateful to me than yours, but your religion has become the dearest of all to me. I swear by God that there was no town more hateful to me than yours, but your town has become the dearest of all to me. Your cavalry seized me when I was on my way to perform the umra, so what do you think I should do? God’s Messenger congratulated him and told him to perform the umra. When he came to Mecca someone asked him whether he had turned to folly* and he replied, “No, but I have accepted Islam along with God’s Messenger. I swear by God that not one grain of wheat will come to you from al-Yamama till God’s Messenger gives permission for it.” *Sabaut. The verb saba has as one of its meanings to turn to folly. It has been suggested that here it is used in the sense of the verb saba’a which means to change one’s religion. Final Hamza verbs very often do drop the Hamza, but they more normally follow the pattern of final ya’ verbs rather than final waw when they do so. Muslim transmitted it, and Bukhari gave it more concisely.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3964
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 176
Jubair b. Mut'im reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying about the prisoners taken at Badr, “If al-Mut‘im b. ‘Adi* had been alive and spoken to me about these filthy ones, I would have left them for him.” * He was head of the B. Naufal. He agreed to give Muhammad protection after his return from at-Ta'if where he had gone after Abu Talib’s death. Al-Mut‘im died before the battle of Badr. He did not become a Muslim. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3965
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 177
Anas told that eighty Meccans came down armed from the mountain of at-Tan‘im against God’s Messenger intending to take him and his companions unawares, but he took them captive without fighting and spared them. A version says he set them free and God most high sent down, “He it is who averted their hands from you and your hands from them in the valley of Mecca” (Al-Qur’an; 48:24). Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3966
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 178
Qatada told that Anas b. Malik mentioned to him on the authority of Abu Talha that at the battle of Badr God’s prophet ordered twenty-four of the strong men of Quraish to be cast into one of the wells of Badr cased with stones which was corrupt and corrupting. When he prevailed over an enemy he stayed three nights on the field of battle; and when the third day came at Badr he ordered his riding-beast to be saddled. He then walked followed by his companions till he came to the mouth of the well, when he began to call them by their names and their fathers’ names, saying, “So and so son of so and so, so and so son of so and so, does it please you that you obeyed God and His Messenger? We have found what our Lord promised us to be true. Have you found what your Lord promised you to be true?” ‘Umar said, “Messenger of God, what you are addressing are only bodies without spirits.” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “By Him in whose hand Muhammad's soul is, you cannot hear what I say better than they.” A version has, “You cannot hear better than they, but they cannot answer.” (Bukhari and Muslim.) Bukhari added that Qatada said God brought them to life and made them hear what he said by way of rebuke, humiliation, revenge, and to produce grief and repentance.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3967
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 179
Marwan and al-Miswar b. Makhrama told that when the deputation of Hawain came to God’s Messenger to accept Islam and asked him to return to them their property and their captives he stood up and said, “Choose one of the two, either the captives or the property.” When they replied that they chose their captives God’s Messenger stood up, and after extolling God in a fitting manner said, “To proceed: Your brethren have come repentant and I have considered that I should return their captives to them, so let those of you who are willing to release the captives act accordingly, but those who wish to hold on to what they have till I give them some of the first booty God gives us may do so.” The people told God’s Messenger that they were willing to release the captives, and he said, “I cannot distinguish between those of you who have granted that and those who have not, so return that your headmen may tell me about you.” They did so, and after their headmen had spoken to them they came back to God’s Messenger and told him they were agreeable and had given permission. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3968
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 180
‘Imran b. Husain said: Thaqif were allies of the B. ‘Uqail, so when Thaqif took two of God’s Messenger’s companions prisoner, his companions took prisoner a man of the B. ‘Uqail, bound him and threw him out on the lava plain. God’s Messenger passed him and he called to him, “Muhammad, Muhammad, for what have I been taken?” He replied, “For the crime of your allies Thaqif.” He then left him and passed on, but when he cried, “Muhammad, Muhammad,” God’s Messenger took pity on him and returned and asked him about himself. When he told him he was a Muslim he said, “If you had said it when you were your own master you would have been completely successful.”* Then God’s Messenger ransomed him for the two men Thaqif had taken prisoner. *This means that not only would he go to paradise in the next life, but he would have been saved the experience of being taken a captive in this. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3969
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 181
‘A’isha told that when the people of Mecca sent about ransoming their prisoners1 Zainab sent some property to ransom Abul ‘As, sending among it a necklace of hers which Khadija had had and had sent with her when she married Abul ‘As. When God’s Messenger saw it he felt great tenderness about it and said, “If you consider that you should free her prisoner for her and return to her what belongs to her it will be well.” To this they agreed. The Prophet (ﷺ) had made an agreement with him that he should let Zainab come to him, so he sent Zaid b. Haritha and a man of the Helpers, telling them to wait in the valley of Yajij2 till Zainab came along and bring her back with them. 1. After the battle of Badr. 2. Near at-Tan'im. Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3970
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 182
She told that when God’s Messenger took prisoner the people at Badr he killed ‘Uqba b. Aba Mu'ait and an-Nadr b. al-Harith, but showed favour to Abu ‘Azza al-Jumahi. It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3971
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 183
Ibn Mas'ud told that when God’s Messenger intended to kill ‘Uqba b. Abu Mu'ait he asked who would look after the children, and he replied that hell would. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3972
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 184
‘Ali reported God's Messenger as saying that Gabriel came down to him and said to him, “Give them (i.e. your companions) their choice regarding the prisoners at Badr whether they should be killed or ransomed on condition that a like number of them should be killed the following year.” They replied, “We shall accept ransom and have some of us killed.” Tirmidhi transmitted it, saying this is a gharib tradition.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3973
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 185
‘Atiya al-Qurazi said: I was among the captives of Quraiza who were brought before the Prophet. The Companions examined us, and those who had begun to grow hair were killed, but those who had not were not killed. They uncovered my private parts and when they found that the hair had not begun to grow they put me among the captives. Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3974
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 186
‘Ali told that some slaves came out to God’s Messenger, i.e. on the day of al-Hudaibiya, before the peace was ratified, and their masters wrote to him saying, “We swear by God, Muhammad, that they have not gone out to you through desire for your religion, but they have done so only to fly from servitude.” Some people assured him they had spoken the truth and advised him to send them back to them, but God’s Messenger became angry and said, “I do not think you people of Quraish will cease till God sends someone to you who will cut off your heads for this.” He refused to send them back, saving they were God’s freedmen. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3975
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 187
Ibn ‘Umar said: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent Khalid b. al-Walid to the B. Hadhima and he summoned them to accept Islam. When they did not express their acceptance of Islam properly but began to say, “We have changed our religion, we have changed our religion,”* Khalid began to kill them and take prisoners, and he handed a prisoner to each one of us. But when a day came when Khalid ordered each of us to kill his prisoner, I said, “I swear by God that I will not kill my prisoner and that not one of my companions will kill his prisoner till we come to the Prophet.” When we mentioned the matter to him he raised his hands and said twice, “O God, I declare myself innocent in Thy sight of what Khalid has done.” *Here the verb saba'a is used. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3976
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 188
Umm Hani' daughter of Abu Talib said: I went to God’s Messenger in the year of the Conquest and found him bathing while his daughter Fatima was screening him with a garment. I gave a salutation and he asked who was there, then when I told him I was Umm Hani’ daughter of Abu Talib he said, “Welcome, Umm Hani’.” After he finished his bathing he got up and prayed eight rak'as wrapped in a garment, and when he was done I said, “Messenger of God, my mother’s son ‘Ali has asserted that he is going to kill a man to whom I have given protection, so and so the son of Hubaira.” He replied, “We have given protection to those to whom you have granted it, Umm Hani'.” She said that that was in the forenoon. (Bukhari and Muslim.) In a version by Tirmidhi she said, “I have given protection to two of my husband’s male relatives,” and God’s Messenger replied, “We have given security to those to whom you have given it.”
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3977
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 189
Abu Huraira reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “A woman acts for the people,” i.e. she gives protection on behalf of the Muslims. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3978
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 190
‘Amr b. al-Hamiq told that he heard God's Messenger say, “He who grants a man security and then kills him will be given the banner of treachery on the day of resurrection.” It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3979
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 191
Sulaim b. ‘Amir said: There was a covenant between Mu'awiya and the Byzantines, and he was going towards their country; then when the covenant came to an end he attacked them. A man came on a horse, or a packhorse, saying, “God is most great, God is most great; let there be faithfulness and not treachery.”* And when they looked they found that he was 'Amr b. ‘Abasa. Mu'awiya questioned him about that and he replied that he had heard God’s Messenger say, "When one has a covenant with people he must not loosen or strengthen it till its term comes, or he brings it to an end in agreement with them.” He said that Mu'awiya then took the people back. *Mirqat, 4, 255 says that 'Amr b. ‘Abasa felt it was an act of treachery to make a treaty while in one’s own country and then approach the enemy’s country when the period of the treaty was near an end, so as to be able to make an immediate attack. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3980
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 192
Abu Rafi' said: Quraish sent me to God’s Messenger and when I saw him Islam was cast into my heart, so I said, "Messenger of God, I swear by God that I shall never return to them.” He replied, "I do not break a covenant or imprison messengers; but return, and if you feel the same as you do just now, come back.” So I went away and then came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and accepted Islam. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3981
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 193
Nu'aim b. Mas'ud reported God's Messenger as saying to two men who came from Musailima, "I swear by God that were it not that messengers are not killed, I would cut off your heads.” Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3982
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 194
‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, told that his grandfather reported God’s Messenger as saying in the course of his sermon, "Observe fully the alliance made in the pre-Islamic period, for it, i.e. Islam, will only make it stronger; but make no new alliances in Islam.” The source is not given. See Tirmidhi, Siyar, 30
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3983
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 195
Ibn Mas'ud told that when Ibn an-Nawwaha and Ibn Uthal, Musailima’s messengers, came to the Prophet (ﷺ) he asked them whether they testified that he was God’s Messenger. On their replying, "We testify that Musailima is God’s messenger,” he said, "I believe in God and His Messenger. If it was my custom to kill a messenger I would kill you.” ‘Abdallah (i.e. Ibn Mas'ud) said that the sunna that a messenger should not be killed then came into force. Ahmad transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3984
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 196
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, "Spoils were not lawful for anyone before us, that being because God saw our weakness and incapacity and made them allowable for us.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3985
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 197
Abu Qatada said: We went out with God’s Messenger in the year of Hunain, and when the armies met, the Muslims suffered a reverse. I saw one of the polytheists getting the better of one of the Muslims, so I struck him with my sword from behind on his shoulder-blade and cut his coat of mail. He came at me and closed with me, so that I felt death was near, but he was overtaken by death and let me go. I then caught up on ‘Umar b. al-Khattab and asked him what was the matter with the people, to which he replied that it was what God had commanded.1 Then they returned and the Prophet (ﷺ) sat down and said, "If anyone kills a man and can prove it he will get his spoil.” I said, "Who will testify for me?” and then sat down. The Prophet (ﷺ) said the same again and I said, "Who will testify for me?”2 and then sat down. Again the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same and I stood up He asked, "What is the matter with you, Qatada?” and when I informed him a man said, "He has spoken the truth. I have his spoil, so make him agreeable to take something in exchange.” Abu Bakr said, “In that case I swear by God that he did not do so. One of God’s heroes3 does not fight for God and His Messenger and then give you his spoil.” The Prophet (ﷺ) said he had spoken the truth and told the man to hand it over to me. He did so, and I bought a garden among the B. Salima. This was the first property I acquired in the Islamic period. 1. He wondered why the Muslims had fled from the enemy, and 'Umar replied that it was what God had decreed. 2. There is doubt as to whether Abu Qatada spoke aloud the first two times, or inwardly. In the translation I have kept strictly to the wording in the Arabic. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3986
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 198
Ibn ‘Umar told that God’s Messenger allotted three portions for a man and his horse, one for him and two for his horse. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3987
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 199
Yazid b. Hurmuz told that Najda al-Haruri wrote to Ibn ‘Abbas asking whether a slave and a woman should be allotted a portion when they are present at the division of the spoil, and he told Yazid to write telling him they are not entitled to a portion, but may have a small amount given them. A version says that Ibn ‘Abbas wrote to him, “You have written asking me whether God’s Messenger took women on military expeditions and whether he allotted them a portion. He used to take them on military expeditions to tend the sick, and they would be given a little of the spoil, but so far as a portion is concerned he allotted them none.’’ Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3988
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 200
Salama b. al-Akwa‘ said: God’s Messenger sent his riding-beasts with his servant Rabah and I went along with him. In the morning ‘Abd ar-Rahman al-Fazari raided God’s Messenger’s riding-beasts, so I went up on a mound and shouted three times facing Medina, “A morning raid!” I then went after the people shooting arrows at them and composing words in the rajaz metre saying, “I am the son of al-Akwa‘; today is the day [of the destruction] of the ignoble ones.”* I kept on shooting at them and killing their beasts so that they had to go on foot till there was no riding beast of God’s Messenger created by God which I had not gone ahead of. Then I followed them shooting at them till they threw away more than thirty cloaks and thirty lances to lighten themselves, and they threw nothing away without my putting stones on it to mark it for God’s Messenger and his companions to notice them. This went on till I saw God’s Messenger’s horsemen. Aba Qatada, God's Messenger's horseman, caught up on 'Abd ar-Rahman and killed him, and God's Messenger said, “Our best horseman today is Abu Qatada and our best footman Salama.” He then gave me two portions a horseman’s and a footman’s, and after giving me them both he took me up behind him on al-‘Adba’ on our way back to Medina. *The line, which is evidently an example of the dimeter of the rajaz metre, has something missing at the beginning. It goes: انا ابن الاکوع والیوم الرضع The full form of the rajaz has the foot mustaf'ilun six times; the dimeter has it four times. In the line above two extra syallables are required at the beginning. Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3989
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 201
Ibn ‘Umar told that God's Messenger used to give to some of the detachments he sent out booty for themselves in particular apart from the division made to the whole army. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3990
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 202
He said: God’s Messenger gave us booty apart from our share of the fifth, and I got a sharif, which is a very old camel. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3991
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 203
He told that in the time of God's Messenger a horse of his went off and was taken by the enemy, but when the Muslims conquered them it was returned to him. A version says that after the death of the Prophet (ﷺ) a slave of his ran away and joined himself to the Byzantines, and when the Muslims conquered them Khalid b. al-Walid returned him to him. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3992
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 204
Jubair b. Mut'im told that ‘Uthman b. ‘Affan and he went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “You have given the B. al-Muttalib some of the fifth from Khaibar and left us out although we are all alike in relationship to you."* He replied, “The only people who are one and the same are the B. Hashim and the B. al-Muttalib." Jubair said that the Prophet (ﷺ) gave no share to the B. ‘Abd Shams and the B. Naufal. *They were all descendants of 'Abd Manaf. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3993
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 205
Abu Huraira reported Gods Messenger as saying, “Whatever town you come to and stay in, your portion is in it; but whatever town disobeys God and His Messenger, a fifth of it goes to God and His Messenger and what remains is yours.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3994
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 206
Khaula al-Ansariya told that she heard God's Messenger say, “Men will wrongfully acquire God’s property and will go to hell on the day of resurrection." Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3995
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 207
Abu Huraira told that God's Messenger stood up among them one day and mentioned dishonesty regarding spoil, treating it and everything connected with it as a serious matter. He then said, “Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with a camel rumbling on his neck and asking me to rescue him,* for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with a horse whinnying on his neck and asking me to rescue him, for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with a sheep bleating on his neck and asking me to rescue him, for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with a soul shouting on his neck asking me to rescue him, for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with patches flapping on his neck and asking me to rescue him, for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. Let me not find any of you coming on the day of resurrection with gold and silver on his neck asking me to rescue him, for I shall say that I can do nothing for him as I have given him full instruction. *Here and in the following phrases the man seeks to be rescued from the thing about which he was dishonest, it being tied to his neck. (Bukhari and Muslim, this being Muslim’s wording which is more complete.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3996
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 208
He told that a man presented God’s Messenger with a slave called Mid'am, and while Mid'am was unsaddling a camel belonging to God’s Messenger he was struck by a random arrow which killed him. The people said, “Congratulations to him! He will go to paradise;” but God’s Messenger said, “Not at all. By Him in whose hand my soul is, the cloak he took on the day of Khaibar from the spoils which was not among the shares divided will blaze with fire upon him.” When the people heard that, a man brought a sandal-strap, or two sandal-straps, to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, “A sandal-strap of fire,” or, “Two sandal-straps of fire.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3997
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 209
'Abdallah b. ‘Amr told that when a man called Karkara* who was in charge of the Prophet’s belongings died God’s Messenger said, “He will go to hell. “The people went off and looked and found a striped woollen garment which he had dishonestly appropriated from the spoil. *There is doubt about the spelling of this man’s name. Karkira and Kirkira are also mentioned. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3998
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 210
Ibn ‘Umar said: On our expeditions we used to get honey and grapes and eat them without bringing them to the Prophet. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 3999
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 211
‘Abdallah b. Mughaffal said: On the day of Khaibar I got a skin of fat, and when I decided not to give anyone any of it that day I turned round and saw God’s Messenger smiling at me. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4000
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 212
Abu Umama reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “God has given me superiority over the prophets,” or as saying, “has given my people superiority over other peoples and made spoils lawful to us.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4001
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 213
Anas reported God’s Messenger as saying on that day, meaning the day of Hunain, “He who kills an infidel gets what he takes from him.” Abu Talha killed twenty men that day and got what was taken from them. Darimi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4002
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 214
‘Auf b. Malik al-Ashja‘i and Khalid b. al-Walid told that God’s Messenger gave judgment that the killer should have what was taken from the man he killed, and did not make this subject to division into fifths. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4003
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 215
‘Abdallah b. Mas'ud said that at the battle of Badr God’s Messenger gave him Abu Jahl’s sword, as he had killed him. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4004
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 216
‘Umair client of Abul Lahm said: I was present at Khaibar along with my masters who spoke about me to God's Messenger, telling him that I was a slave. He ordered that I should have a sword girded on me, and I was trailing it.* He then ordered that I should be given some inferior goods. I submitted to him a spell with which I used to treat people who were possessed and he ordered me to reject part of it and retain part. *Either because he was a small man, or because he was young. Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it, but the latter's version ended at “goods”.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4005
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 217
Mujammi' b. Jariya said: Khaibar was divided among those who had been at al-Hudaibiya, and God’s Messenger divided it into eighteen portions. The army was one thousand five hundred of which three hundred were cavalry, and he gave two shares to a horseman and one to a footman. Abu Dawud transmitted it, saying Ibn ‘Umar’s tradition1 is sounder, and it is the one which is followed. The error in the tradition of Mujammi’ was because he said three hundred horsemen when there were only two hundred. Habib b. Maslama al-Fihri said he saw the Prophet (ﷺ) give a quarter of the spoil on the outward journey and a third on the return journey.2 1. I have available two editions of Abu Dawud’s Sunan (Cairo, 1280 and 1348 A .H.). Both give Ibn Mu'awiya in place of Ibn 'Umar. See Jihad, 144. 2. This tradition and the following one are explained as referring to a section of the army which comes in contact with the enemy. The greater amount granted them when this happens on the return journey is because there is more difficulty and danger in fighting after having gone through the campaign. The second tradition is more explicit by making it clear that the fifth was deducted. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4006, 4007
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 218
He said that God’s Messenger used to give a quarter as booty after the fifth had been kept off, and a third after the fifth had been kept off when he returned. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4008
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 219
Abul Juwairiya al-Jarmi said: In the period when Mu'awiya was governor he got a red jar containing dinars in the land of the Byzantines. A man of the B. Sulaim called Ma'n b. Yazid who was a companion of God’s Messenger was in charge of us, and when I took it to him he divided it among the Muslims giving me the same as he gave the others. He then said that if he had not heard God’s Messenger say, “Booty is granted only after the fifth has been kept off,” he would have given it to me. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4009
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 220
Abu Musa al-Ash'ari said: We arrived just at the moment when God’s Messenger had conquered Khaibar and he appointed us a portion (or he said he gave us some of it). He allotted nothing to anyone who was not present at the conquest of Khaibar, giving shares only to those who were present with him, except for those who were in our ship,* Ja'far and his companions to whom he appointed something along with them. *The party to which reference is made is that of people who had emigrated from Mecca to Abyssinia and were now returning. Aba Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4010
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 221
Yazid b. Khalid told that when one of God’s Messenger’s companions died at the battle of Khaibar they mentioned the matter to him and he replied, “Pray over your companion.” When the people looked perplexed at that he said, “Your companion was dishonest about booty in God’s path.” They searched his belongings and found some Jewish beads not worth two dirhams. Malik, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4011
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 222
‘Abdallah b. ‘Amr told that when God’s Messenger gained booty he ordered Bilal to make a public announcement, and when the people brought their booty he would take a fifth and divide it. One day a man brought a halter of hair after that and said, “Messenger of God, this is part of the booty we got.” He asked whether he had heard Bilal making announcement three times, and when he replied that he had, he asked what had prevented him from bringing it. He made some excuse, so he said, “You must bring it yourself on the day of resurrection, for I shall never accept it from you.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4012
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 223
‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said that his grandfather told that God’s Messenger, Abu Bakr and ‘Umar burned the belongings of anyone who was dishonest about booty and beat him. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4013
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 224
Samura b. Jundub told that God’s Messenger used to say, “Anyone who conceals one who has been dishonest about booty is like him. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4014
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 225
Aba Sa'id told that God’s Messenger forbade selling booty before it was divided. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4015
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 226
Abu Umama told that the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the sale of portions before they were divided. Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4016
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 227
Khaula, daughter of Qais, told of hearing God’s Messenger say, “This property is fresh and sweet and he who gets it in a proper way will be blessed in it, but he who improperly acquires such property of God and His Messenger as his soul wishes will have nothing but hell on the day of resurrection.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4017
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 228
Ibn 'Abbas said that the Prophet (ﷺ) got his sword Dhul Fiqar as private booty at the battle of Badr. Ibn Majah transmitted it, and Tirmidhi added that it was that about which he had the vision at the battle of Uhud.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4018
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 229
Ruwaifi' b. Thabit reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “He who believes in God and the last day must not ride a packhorse belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when he has emaciated it; and he who believes in God and the last day must not wear a garment belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when he has made it threadbare.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4019
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 230
Muhammad b. Abul Mujalid reported ‘Abdallah b. Abu Aufa as saying he asked whether they set aside the fifth of food in the time of God’s Messenger and received the reply that on the day of Khaibar they captured food and a man would come and take as much of it as he needed and then go away. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4020
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 231
Ibn ‘Umar said that in the time of God’s Messenger an army got food and honey in booty and a fifth was not taken from them. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4021
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 232
Al-Qasim the client of ‘Abd ar-Rahman quoted one of the Prophet’s companions as saying: We would eat a camel on an expedition without dividing it, and when we returned to our dwellings our saddle-bags would be full with its flesh. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4022
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 233
‘Ubada b. as-Samit told that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to say, “Hand over threads and needles and avoid dishonesty about booty, for it will be a reproach to those who are guilty of it on the day of resurrection.” Darimi transmitted it, and Nasa’i transmitted on the authority of ‘Amr b. Shu'aib who gave it on his father’s authority as coming from his grandfather.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4023, 4024
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 234
‘Amr b. Shu'aib, on his father’s authority, said his grandfather told that, the Prophet (ﷺ) approached a camel, and taking a hair from its hump said, “O people, I get nothing of this booty, not even this (meanwhile raising his finger), but the fifth, and the fifth is returned to you, so hand over threads and needles." A man got up with a ball of hair in his hand and said, “I took this to repair the cloth under a pack-saddle." The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “You can have what belongs to me and to the B. ‘Abd al-Muttalib," but the man said, "If it produces the result I now realise,* I have no desire for it," and he threw it away. *Literally "If it reaches what I see." Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4025
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 235
‘Amr b. ‘Abasa said: God’s Messenger led us in prayer facing a camel which had been taken in booty, and when he had given the salutation he took a hair from the camel’s side and said, "I have no right to as much as this of your booty, but only to the fifth, and the fifth is returned to you." Abu Dawud transmited it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4026
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 236
Jubair b. Mut'im said: When God’s Messenger divided the portion of the relatives among the B. Hashim and the B. al-Muttalib, ‘Uthman b. ‘Affan and I came to him and said, "Messenger of God, these are our brethren of the B. Hashim whose superiority we do not deny because of the position in which God has placed you in relation to them, but tell us about our brethren of the B. al-Muttalib to whom you have given something while omitting us though our relationship is the same as theirs."* God’s Messenger replied, "The B. Hashim and the B. al- Muttalib are one body like this," and he intertwined his fingers. * Cf. Chapter 8a Shafi'i transmitted it, and there is something to the same effect in the version of Abu Dawud and Nasa'i. It says, "I and the B. al-Muttalib have not been separate in the pre-Islamic or in the Islamic period and they and we are one," intertwining his fingers.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4027
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 237
‘Abdar-Rahman b. ‘Auf said: When I stood in the rank at the battle of Badr I looked to my right and my left, and when I saw that I was between two young men of the Ansar I wished that I had been between men who were stronger than they. One of them pinched me and said, "Do you know Abu Jahl, uncle?" and I replied, "Yes, but what do you want with him, nephew?” He said, “I have been told that he reviles God's Messenger. By Him in whose hand my soul is, if I see him I shall not leave him till the one of us who is to die first dies.” I was astonished at that, and then the other pinched me and said the same to me. Before long I saw Abu Jahl going round among the people and I said, “Look, this is the man about whom you were asking.” They then hastened to him with their swords and struck him till they killed him, after which they went to God’s Messenger and informed him. He asked which of them had killed him and they both claimed to have done so. He then asked if they had wiped their swords, and when they replied that they had not he looked at the swords and said, “Both of you killed him.” God’s Messenger then decided that what was taken from him should go to Mu'adh b. ‘Amr b. al-Jamuh. The two men were Mu'adh b. ‘Amr b. al-Jamah and Mu'adh b. ‘Afra’.* *’Afra’ was his mother. His father was al-Harith. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4028
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 238
Anas reported God’s Messenger as saying at the battle of Badr, “Who will find out for us what has happened to Abu Jahl?” Ibn Mas'ud went and. found that the two sons of ‘Afra,’ had struck him till he was almost dead, so he seized him by his beard and said, “Are you Abu Jahl?” He replied, “Have you killed more than a man?” In a version he said, “I wish someone other than a tiller of the ground had killed me.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4029
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 239
Sa‘d b. Abu Waqqas said: While I was sitting God’s Messenger gave a company something but omitted the one who was most attractive to me. I therefore got up and said, ‘Why have you omitted so and so? I swear by God that I consider him to be a believer.” God’s Messenger replied, “No, a Muslim.” Sa'd mentioned that three times and he gave him the same reply, then said, “I give a man something although I like someone else better, from fear he may be thrown face downwards in hell.” (Bukhari and Muslim.) In a version by both of them Zuhri said be considered that Islam is the attestation of belief and faith is good action.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4030
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 240
Ibn ‘Umar told that God's Messenger stood up, i.e. on the day of Badr, and said, ‘Uthman has gone off on the business of God and His Messenger and I shall take the oath of allegiance on his behalf. God’s Messenger then appointed him a share, but did not do so for anyone else who was absent. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4031
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 241
Rafi' b. Khadij said that in the division of the booty God’s Messenger used to treat ten sheep as equivalent to a camel. Nasa’i transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4032
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 242
Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A prophet who went out on an expedition told his people that no man should follow him who had married a woman with whom he wished to cohabit but had not yet done so, or who had built houses on which he had not yet put the roofs, or who had bought sheep or pregnant she-camels and was expecting them to produce young. He then went on the expedition and approached the town at the time of the afternoon prayer or thereabouts. He then told the sun that both it and he were under command and prayed God to keep it back for them, so it was kept back till God gave him victory. He collected the spoils and it (meaning fire) came to devour them, but did not do so. Saying that there was dishonesty about spoil among them he told them that a man from every tribe must swear allegiance to him, and when a man’s hand stuck in his he said there was dishonesty about spoil among them. They brought him a head of gold like a cow’s head an when he had laid it down the fire came and devoured the spoil.* A version has, "Spoils were not allowable to anyone before us .Then God allowed spoils to us. He saw our weakness and incapacity and allowed them to us.” *This tradition combines elements of the story of Joshua commanding the sun to stand still (Joshua, 10:12) and the story of Achan’s sin (Joshua, 7:10 ff ). (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4033
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 243
Ibn ‘Abbas said he was told by ‘Umar that on the day of Khaibar some of the Prophet’s companions came and said, So and so is a martyr and so and so is a martyr,” but when they came to a man about whom they said, "So and so is a martyr” God’s Messenger declared, "By no means, I have seen him in hell in a mantle (or cloak) which he took dishonestly.” God's Messenger then said, "Go, Ibn al-Khattab, and announce among the people three times that only the believers will enter paradise.” He said he went out and announced three times, "Only the believers will enter paradise.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4034
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 244
Bajala said: I was a clerk of Jaz’ b. Mu'awiya the paternal uncle of al-Ahnaf, and a year before the death of ‘Umar b. al-Khattab we received his letter in which he gave instruction to separate married couples among the Magians who were within the prohibited degrees. ‘Umar had not taken the jizya from the Magians till ‘Abd ar-Rahman b. ‘Auf testified that God’s Messenger had taken it from the Magians of Hajar. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4035
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 245
Mu'adh said that when God’s Messenger sent him to the Yemen he ordered him to take from every halim, meaning one who had reached puberty, a dinar or its equivalent in Ma'afiri,* i.e. garments of Yemen origin. *This word, which is usually an adjective qualifying thaub (garment), is here used by itself with an explanation of the meaning following Ma'afir is the name of a tribe which was a section of Hamdan, the Yemen tribal group. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4036
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 246
Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying “Two qiblas in one land are not right, and no jizya is to be levied on a Muslim.” Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4037
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 247
Anas told that God’s Messenger sent Khalid b. al-Walid to Ukaidir of Duma,* and when they seized him and brought him he spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he should pay jizya. *Duma was a fortress-near Tabuk. Ukaidir was a Christian. The incident took place in the year 9 A.H during the expedition to Tabuk. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4038
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 248
Harb b. ‘Ubaidallah told on the authority of his grandfather, his mother’s father, that he had it on the authority of his father that God’s Messenger said, “Tithes are to be levied on Jews and Christians, but are not to be levied on Muslims.” Ahmad and Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4039
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 249
‘Uqba b. 'Amir told that he said, “Messenger of God, we come to people who do not give us hospitality, or pay what is due to us from them, and we take nothing from them.’’ He replied, “If they make it necessary for you to take it by force, do so.” Tirmidhi transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4040
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 250
Aslam told that ‘Umar b. al-Khattab imposed as jizya four dinars on those who possessed gold and forty dirhams on those who possessed silver along with provisions for the Muslims and three days’ hospitality. Malik transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4041
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 251
Al-Miswar b. Makhrama and Marwan b. al-Hakam told that the Prophet (ﷺ) went out in the year of al-Hudaibiya with over ten hundreds of his companions, and when he came to Dhul Hulaifa he garlanded and marked the votive animals, entered the sacred state for an ‘umra, and then moved on. When he came to the mountain pass by which one descends to Mecca his riding-beasts knelt down and the people said, “Go on, go on! Al-Qaswa’ has become jaded.” But the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Al- Qaswa’ has not become jaded, for that is not a characteristic of hers, but He who restrained the elephant1 has restrained her.” Then he said, “By Him in whose hand my soul is, they will not ask me any good thing by which they honour what God has made sacred without my giving them it.” He then urged her and she leaped up and he turned aside from the road to Mecca and stopped at the farthest point of al-Hudaibiya at a pool with little water which the people collected in small quantities and soon exhausted. Complaint of thirst was made to God’s Messenger, so he drew an arrow from his quiver and ordered them to put it in it, whereupon to their astonishment it kept gushing out to them with water till they left it. Meanwhile Budail b. Warqa’ al Khuza’i came with some members of Khuza’a and ‘Urwa b. Mas'ud joined him. He went on with the tradition2 to the point where he said that when Suhail b. ‘Amr came the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Write: This is what Muhammad God's Messenger has decided.” Suhail protested, “I swear by God that if we knew you were God’s Messenger we would not turn you away from the House or fight with you; but write: Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.” The Prophet (ﷺ) replied, “I swear by God that I am God’s Messenger even if you disbelieve me; write Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.” Suhail said, “And that a man will not come to you from us, even if he follows your religion, without your sending him back to us." Then when he finished drawing up the document God’s Messenger said to his companions, "Get up and sacrifice, and then shave.” Thereafter some believing women came and God most high sent down, "O you who believe, when believing women come to you as emigrants…”3 God most high forbade them to send them back, but ordered them to restore the dower. When the Prophet (ﷺ) returned to Medina Abu Basir, a man of Quraish who was a Muslim, came to him and they sent two men to look for him, so he handed him over to the two men. They took him away, and when they reached Dhul Hulaifa and alighted to eat some dates which they had Abu Basir said to one of the men, "I swear by God, so and so, that I think this sword of yours is a fine one; let me look at it.” He let him have it and he struck him till he died, whereupon the other fled from him and when he reached Medina went running into the mosque. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “This man has seen something frightful.” He said, “I swear by God that my companion has been killed, and I am as good as dead.”4 Abu Basir arrived and the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Woe to his mother, stirrer up of war! Would that he had some kinsfolk!”5 When he heard that he knew that he would send him back to them, so he went out and came to the seashore. Abu Jandal b. Suhail escaped and joined Abu Basir, and it became the practice that every man of Quraish who went out having accepted Islam joined Abu Basir, till a band of them collected. Whenever they heard of a caravan which belonged to Quraish going out to Syria they intercepted it, killed the men and seized their goods; so Quraish sent a message to the Prophet (ﷺ) adjuring him by God and the ties of relationship to send instructions to them to stop, and agreeing that anyone who came to him would be safe. So the Prophet (ﷺ) sent them instructions. 1. Cf. Al-Qur'an; 105. 2. This indicates that a part of Bukhari’s tradition is omitted here. 3. Al-Qur'an; 60:10. 4. Literally “and I am killed." 5. Literally “would that he had someone!” It probably means that the Prophet (ﷺ) wished Abu Basir had had some kinsfolk to whom he could go, and so save him the necessity of returning him to Mecca. 6. Bukhari's tradition is very long. In the version given here it is much reduced, the purpose evidently being to give the essential parts of it without including every detail. Bukhari transmitted it.6
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4042
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 252
Al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib said the Prophet (ﷺ) made agreement with the polytheists on the day of al-Hudaibiya regarding three matters: that he should return to the polytheists anyone who came to him from them, but they should not return any of the Muslims who came to them; that he should enter Mecca the following year and stay in it three days; and that he should enter it only with such weapons as swords and bows in cases. Then Abu Jandal came hobbling in his fetters and he sent him back to them. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4043
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 253
Anas told that Quraish made an agreement with the Prophet (ﷺ) laying down the condition that if anyone came to them from him they should not send him back, but that if anyone came to him from them he should send him back. They asked God’s Messenger whether they should write that down and he replied, “Yes; may God remove far from His mercy anyone who goes from us to them, but God will make an escape and a way out for anyone who comes to us from them.” Muslim transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4044
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 254
‘A’isha said regarding the oath of allegiance taken from women that God’s Messenger used to test them with this verse, “O Prophet, when believing women come to you to swear allegiance to you...” (Al-Qur’an; 60:12). When one of them acknowledged this condition he said to her, “I have made a covenant with you,” doing this only by words which he spoke to her. His hand never touched a woman’s hand when an oath of allegiance was taken. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4045
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 255
Al-Miswar and Marwan said they agreed to abandon war for ten years during which the people would have security, on the basis that there should be sincerity between them and that there should be no theft or treachery. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4046
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 256
Safwan b. Sulaim quoted the authority of a number of the sons of the Companions of God’s Messenger who told on the authority of their fathers that God’s Messenger said, “If anyone wrongs a man with whom a covenant has been made, or curtails any right of his, or imposes on him more than he can bear, or takes anything from him without his ready agreement, I shall be his adversary on the day of resurrection.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4047
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 257
Umaima daughter of Ruqaiqa said: I swore allegiance to the Prophet (ﷺ) along with some women and he said to us, "As far as you are able and are capable.” I said, "God and His Messenger are more merciful to us than we are to ourselves.” I asked God's Messenger to ratify our covenant, meaning to shake hands with us, but he replied, "I say the same to a hundred women as I do to one.” …transmitted it. The name of the collection of traditions where this is found is omitted. Cf. Nasa’i, Bai'a, 18; Ibn Majah, Jihad, 43; Ahmad b. Hanbal, vi, p. 357; Malik, Muwatta', Bai'a, 1.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4048
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 258
Al-Bara’ b. ‘Azib said: God’s Messenger went to perform an ‘umra in Dhul Qa'da, but the people of Mecca refused to let him enter Mecca till he had made an agreement with them to enter (i.e. in the following year) and stay three days. Then when on writing the document they wrote, "This is what Muhammad God’s Messenger has agreed,” the Meccans said, “We do not acknowledge it, for if we knew you were God’s Messenger we would not prevent you; but you are Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.” He replied, "I am' both God's Messenger and Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah.” He then told ‘Ali b. Abu Talib to obliterate "Messenger of God”, and when he protested, "No, I swear by God, I will never obliterate it,” God's Messenger took it, and although he did not write well, he wrote, ‘‘this is what Muhammad b. ‘Abdallah has agreed. The only weapon with which he will enter Mecca will be a sword in the scabbard; if any of its people wishes to follow him he will not take him out; and if any of his companions wishes to stay in it he will not prevent him.” Then when he entered and the appointed period elapsed they went to 'Ali and told him to tell his friend to leave them for the appointed period had elapsed. So the Prophet (ﷺ) went out. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4049
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 259
Abu Huraira said: While we were in the mosque the Prophet (ﷺ) came out and said, “Come on to the Jews.” So we went out with him and came to the house where they read their Scriptures, and the Prophet (ﷺ) stood up and said, “If you Jews accept Islam you will be safe. Know that the land belongs to God and His Messenger, and I intend to deport you from this land; so if any of you has property [he cannot take away] he must sell it.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4050
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 260
Ibn 'Umar told that 'Umar stood up to make a speech and said, “God’s Messenger employed the Jews of Khaibar to work their property and told them he would confirm them in it as long as God did; and I have now seen good to deport them.” When ‘Umar decided on that one of the B. Abul Huqaiq came to him and said, “Commander of the Faithful, are you expelling us when Muhammad has confirmed us in our property and employed us to work it?” 'Umar replied, “Do you think I have forgotten what God’s Messenger said when he asked how you would feel when you were expelled from Khaibar, your camel running along with you night after night?” He said, “This was a little joke on the part of Abul Qasim,” to which ‘Umar retorted, “You lie, enemy of God.” He then deported them, giving them the value of the fruits they possessed in money, camels and goods such as saddles, ropes, etc. Bukhari transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4051
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 261
Ibn ‘Abbas told that God’s Messenger gave three instructions saying, “Expel the polytheists from Arabia; reward deputations as I did.” Ibn 'Abbas said either that he did not mention the third, or that he* had been caused to forget it. *i.e. Ibn ‘Abbas. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4052
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 262
Jabir b. ‘Abdallah said he was told by ‘Umar b. al-Khattab that he had heard God’s Messenger say, “I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from Arabia so as to leave only Muslims in it.” Muslim transmitted it. A version has, “If I live, God willing, I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from Arabia.”
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4053
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 263
Ibn ‘Umar told that ‘Umar b. al-Khattab deported the Jews and the Christians from the land of the Hijaz and when God’s Messenger got supremacy over the people of Khaibar he intended to expel the Jews from it, for when the land was conquered it belonged to God, His Messenger and the Muslims. But the Jews asked God’s Messenger to leave them on condition that they should do all the cultivation and have half the produce, and he replied, “We shall confirm you on that condition as long as we wish.” So they were confirmed till ‘Umar deported them during his period of rule to Taima and Jericho. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4054
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 264
Malik b. Aus b. al-Hadathan reported "Umar b. al-Khattab as saying that God appointed His Messenger a special portion in this fai’* which He gave to no other. He then recited, “What God has bestowed on His Messenger from them . . . omnipotent" (Al-Qur’an; 59:6). This was purely for God’s Messenger who used to give his family their annual contribution from this property, then take what remained and deal with it as he did with God’s property. *Fai’ is the term used for tribute from territory the Muslims have conquered. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4055
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 265
‘Umar said that the properties of the B. an-Nadir were part of what God bestowed on His Messenger from what the Muslims had not ridden on horses or camels to get; so they belonged specially to God’s Messenger who gave his family their annual contribution, then applied what remained for weapons and horses as equipment in God’s path. (Bukhari and Muslim.)
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4056
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 266
‘Auf b. Malik said: When the fai’ came to God's Messenger he divided it that day, giving two portions to a married man and one to a bachelor. I was summoned and he gave me two portions, for I had a family; then ‘Ammar b. Yasir was summoned after me and given one. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4057
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 267
Ibn ‘Umar told that he saw the first thing God’s Messenger did immediately anything came to him was to give something to those who had been set free. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4058
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 268
‘A’isha said the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought a pouch containing beads and divided it among freewomen and slave women. She said her father used to divide things between freemen and slaves. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4059
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 269
Malik b. Aus b. al-Hadathan told that one day ‘Umar b. al-Khattab mentioned the fai’ saying: I have no more right to this fai’ than you, and none of us has more right to it than another, except that we occupy our positions fixed by the Book of God who is great and glorious and the division made by His Messenger, people being arranged according to their precedence in accepting Islam, the hardships they have endured, their having children, and their need. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4060
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 270
He told that ‘Umar b. al-Khattab recited, “Alms are for the poor and needy…Knowing, Wise," (Al-Qur’an; 9:60) and said that this verse applies to such. He then recited, “Know that a fifth of whatever booty you acquire goes to God and the Messenger . . . the traveller," (Al-Qur’an; 8:41) and said that this verse applies to such. He then recited, “What God has bestowed on His Messenger from the people of the towns ... to the poor" (Al-Qur’an; 59:7 f. The last word mentioned is the first word of verse 8. It may mean that he recited the whole of verse 8). He then recited, “And those who came after them," (Al-Qur’an; 59:10) saying that this includes all the Muslims, and adding that if he lived the herdsman in the sarw* of Himyar would certainly get his share which he had not earned by the sweat of his brow. * The word means a hill slope above a valley, not right upon the mountain. When associated with Himyar it is said to mean their settlement, cf. Yaqut, Mu'jam, iii, 82. The Himyarites were a famous South Arabian people. It is transmitted in Sharh as-sunna.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4061
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 271
He told that one of the arguments put forward by 'Umar was that he said God’s Messenger received three things exclusively to himself: the B. an-Nadir, Khaibar and Fadak.1 The B. an-Nadir property was kept wholly for his own purposes,2 Fadak for travellers, and Khaibar was divided by God’s Messenger into three sections, two for the Muslims and one as a contribution for his family. If anything remained after making the contribution to his family, he divided it among the poor Emigrants. 1. Fadak was near Khaibar. It capitulated without fighting. 2. This would include, besides personal needs, the cost of entertaining guests, providing weapons and animals, etc. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4062
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 272
Al-Mughira b. Shu’ba told that when ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz was made Caliph he gathered the family, of Marwan and said: Fadak belonged, to God’s Messenger, and he made contributions from it, showing repeated kindness to the poor members of the B. Hashim from it and supplying: from it the cost of marriages for those of them who were unmarried. Fatima asked him to give it to her, but he refused. That is how matters stood during the lifetime of God’s Messenger till he went his way (i.e. he died). When Abu Bakr was made ruler he administered it as God's Messenger had done in his lifetime till he went his way. Then when ‘Umar b. al- Khattab was made ruler he administered it as they had done till he went his way. Then Marwan took it for himself and it afterwards came to ‘Umar b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, but I consider that I have no right to something which God’s Messenger refused to Fatima, and I call you to witness that I have restored it to its former condition; meaning in the time of God’s Messenger, Abu Bakr and ‘Umar. Abu Dawud transmitted it.
Reference: Mishkat al-Masabih 4063
In-book reference: Book 19, Hadith 273